The possibilities of using mobile and flexible technologies to enhance workplace learning in vocational education and training (VET)

Ricky Yuk-kwan Ng and Rechell Yee-shun Lam
Vocational Training Council
Hong Kong SAR, China

This paper discusses the possibilities of using mobile and flexible technologies to enhance workplace learning in vocational education and training (VET). It also proposes a number of innovative pedagogical practices enabled by technologies to facilitate better learning and teaching experiences for VET students and mentors in the workplace. Reforms in Hong Kong’s VET programmes have given rise to the value of using the workplace as an authentic learning environment. This includes a change in delivery modes — such as the New Earn and Learn Pilot Scheme, the Dual-track System and the Workplace Learning and Industrial Attachment — that have become more work-driven than content-driven, and intend to train students in competencies sought by the industry. Unlike traditional education, VET focuses on deliver workplace competencies in situated workplaces more than contemplation of academic theories. Students receive theoretical knowledge and practice in simulated work environments in school, while ‘authentic’ trade-specific learning and practices happen in their work engagements in real-life workplaces. Although a number of studies have shown promising results using mobile and flexible technologies to enhance learning and teaching in higher education institutions, their adaptability for VET is still in question. While these technologies emphasize self-paced online and virtual learning experiences, VET stresses the mastery of hands-on skills and practices in authentic workplaces — how can these two learning paradigms complement each other and benefit workplace learning? The findings of this study showed that, despite the need for innovative pedagogical practices, the increase in effectiveness of mobile and flexible technologies relies on the instructional design of the trade-specific learning and teaching materials, as well as the readiness of students, teachers and workplace mentors.